Science and innovation

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К РАННЕЙ ДИАГНОСТИКЕ И МОНИТОРИНГУ ДИАБЕТИЧЕСКОЙ РЕТИНОПАТИИ НА ОСНОВЕ СТРУКТУРНО-ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ СЕТЧАТКИ

2026-02-05T11:15:38+03:00

Введение

Диабетическая ретинопатия (ДР) остаётся одной из ведущих причин обратимой и необратимой потери зрения у лиц трудоспособного возраста во всём мире. По данным Международной федерации диабета, распространённость сахарного диабета неуклонно возрастает, что обусловливает параллельный рост числа пациентов с диабетической ретинопатией. Принципиально важным является тот факт, что на ранних стадиях заболевания клинические проявления ДР минимальны или полностью отсутствуют, тогда как морфологические и функциональные изменения сетчатки уже прогрессируют.

РОЛЬ ВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ И ОКСИДАТИВНЫХ МЕХАНИЗМОВ В ПРОГРЕССИРОВАНИИ ПЕРВИЧНОЙ ОТКРЫТОУГОЛЬНОЙ ГЛАУКОМЫ: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ

2026-02-05T11:22:15+03:00

Введение

Первичная открытоугольная глаукома (ПОУГ) является хроническим прогрессирующим нейродегенеративным заболеванием, характеризующимся необратимой потерей ганглиозных клеток сетчатки и атрофией зрительного нерва. Несмотря на ведущую роль повышенного внутриглазного давления (ВГД) в патогенезе заболевания, накопленные за последние десятилетия данные свидетельствуют о том, что снижение ВГД не всегда предотвращает прогрессирование глаукомной оптической нейропатии. Данный факт обусловил пересмотр традиционных представлений о глаукоме как исключительно механическом заболевании.

COMMUNICATION CULTURE IN ECONOMICS.

2026-02-05T12:23:12+03:00

Communication culture plays a crucial role in the functioning and development of modern economic systems. It encompasses the norms, values, ethical principles, and communicative competencies that govern interactions among economic actors, including individuals, organizations, and institutions. In the field of economics, effective communication culture facilitates informed decision-making, coordination of economic activities, conflict resolution, and the establishment of trust between stakeholders. With the globalization of markets and the digital transformation of economic processes, communication culture has become increasingly significant in cross-cultural negotiations, corporate governance, financial management, and public economic policy. This study examines the concept of communication culture in economics, its key components, and its impact on economic efficiency and sustainable development. Emphasis is placed on professional communication skills, ethical standards, and intercultural competence as essential elements for successful economic interaction in a rapidly changing global environment.

SPEECH CULTURE IN ECONOMIC COMMUNICATION.

2026-02-05T12:28:32+03:00

Speech culture is a key component of effective economic communication. It ensures clarity, accuracy, and politeness in professional interactions. In economics, correct language use and proper terminology help avoid misunderstandings, improve cooperation, and build trust between partners. The development of speech culture contributes to professionalism and successful business communication.

THE INFLUENCE OF ENGLISH ON MODERN ECONOMIC DISCOURSE

2026-02-05T13:31:19+03:00

English has become the dominant language of international economic discourse, shaping communication, knowledge exchange, and professional practices worldwide. Its prevalence affects academic publications, business negotiations, financial reporting, and global policy discussions. The adoption of English in economic communication facilitates cross-border collaboration, standardization of terminology, and access to global markets. However, it also raises challenges, including linguistic inequality, cultural homogenization, and barriers for non-native speakers. This study explores the influence of English on modern economic discourse, analyzing its role in academic research, corporate communication, and international economic institutions. The paper emphasizes the importance of language proficiency, intercultural competence, and inclusive communication strategies in the global economy.

FEATURES OF BUSINESS COMMUNICATION.

2026-02-05T13:44:22+03:00

Business communication plays a central role in the modern professional environment, influencing organizational efficiency, decision-making, and interpersonal relationships. The features of business communication include clarity, conciseness, accuracy, and professionalism, which ensure that information is transmitted effectively and understood correctly by all parties. It involves both oral and written forms, including meetings, reports, emails, presentations, negotiations, and official correspondence. Cultural and linguistic norms also shape business communication, especially in international contexts, where intercultural competence is essential. Understanding the characteristics of business communication helps professionals avoid misunderstandings, build trust, and enhance organizational productivity. This study examines the distinctive features of business communication, highlighting its principles, forms, and relevance in contemporary professional practice.

THE IMPACT OF ENGLISH PROFICIENCY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH AND EMPLOYMENT

2026-02-05T13:59:04+03:00

This article examines the impact of English language proficiency on economic growth and employment in the context of globalization. English functions as a key medium of international economic communication, influencing labor market outcomes and national economic performance. The study analyzes how English proficiency enhances employability, increases individual income levels, and contributes to workforce competitiveness. At the macroeconomic level, the paper explores the relationship between English proficiency, productivity growth, foreign investment, and economic integration. The findings suggest that improving English language skills can serve as an effective tool for promoting sustainable economic growth and expanding employment opportunities. The article emphasizes the importance of integrating English language education into national economic and labor market policies.

Migraine and cardiovascular risk contemporary views and prevention.

2026-02-06T07:50:19+03:00

Migraine is increasingly recognized not only as a disabling neurological disorder but also as a marker of vascular vulnerability, particularly when aura is present. Contemporary evidence from large population datasets, cohort studies, and reviews shows the most consistent association between migraine with aura and ischemic stroke, while links with broader cardiovascular disease (CVD)—such as myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and cardiovascular mortality—are generally smaller and more heterogeneous across studies. The elevated risk is only partly explained by classic risk factors, suggesting shared mechanisms (endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, prothrombotic changes, and neurovascular dysregulation). Prevention is therefore best approached in two parallel tracks:aggressive control of modifiable vascular risk factors and (2) risk-aware migraine management, especially in patients with known CVD and in women considering estrogen-containing contraception when aura is present.

Chronic tension-type headache differential diagnosis and treatment strategies

2026-02-06T08:16:41+03:00

Chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) is a primary headache disorder defined by headache occurring on ≥15 days per month for >3 months, typically bilateral, pressing/tightening, mild–moderate, and not worsened by routine physical activity. Because chronic daily headache has many possible causes, accurate diagnosis requires careful differentiation from chronic migraine, medication-overuse headache, and secondary headaches with red flags. Management is best approached with education and trigger/behavioral modification, evidence-based acute therapy avoiding opioids and minimizing frequent analgesic use, and preventive treatment—most consistently supported for amitriptyline—plus nonpharmacologic approaches such as exercise and psychological interventions when relevant.

Neuropathic pain in diabetic polyneuropathy: comparison of first-line drugs.

2026-02-06T08:34:32+03:00

Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN) is a common complication of diabetes and a leading cause of chronic neuropathic pain, sleep disturbance, and reduced quality of life. Modern guidelines converge on a small set of first-line pharmacologic options—most commonly duloxetine (SNRI), pregabalin or gabapentin (gabapentinoids), and amitriptyline (TCA)—selected according to comorbidities, contraindications, and tolerability. A major contemporary insight is that these first-line agents often show similar average analgesic efficacy, and if monotherapy is insufficient, combination strategies (e.g., adding pregabalin to duloxetine or amitriptyline) can provide additional benefit, as demonstrated in the OPTION-DM trial. This review summarizes how to differentiate first-line choices in practice (efficacy, onset, adverse effects, and patient phenotypes) and highlights a stepwise strategy to reduce pain while minimizing harms, especially medication burden and inappropriate opioid use.

SUT TISHLARINING ERTA YO'QOLISHINING OQIBATLARI

2026-02-10T14:06:35+03:00

Ushbu maqolada sut tishlarining muddatidan oldin yo'qolishining bolalar organizmiga ko'rsatadigan salbiy ta'siri, jumladan, chaynash funksiyasi buzilishi, doimiy tishlar chiqishining kechikishi, tish qatori anomaliyalari, nutq rivojlanishi va psixologik muammolar tahlil qilingan. Sut tishlarini saqlab qolishning profilaktik ahamiyati va zamonaviy ortopedik-ortodontik yondashuvlar ko'rib chiqilgan.

TISH YO'QOTILISHINING CHAYNASH FUNKSIYASIGA TA'SIRI

2026-02-10T14:16:23+03:00

Maqolada tishlarning yo'qolishi natijasida chaynash funksiyasining buzilishi, ovqat hazm qilish jarayoniga ta'siri va umumiy sog'liqqa olib keladigan oqibatlar tahlil qilingan. Tish yo'qotilishining turli shakllari va ularning chaynash samaradorligiga ta'siri ko'rib chiqilgan. Zamonaviy ortopedik davolash usullari va profilaktik tadbirlarning ahamiyati asoslangan.

QANDLI DIABET BILAN KASALLANGAN BEMORLARNING ISHEMIK INSULTGA CHALINISHINING NAZARIY ASOSLARI

2026-02-14T12:23:13+03:00

Annotatsiya: Qandli diabet ishemik insultning kechishiga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatadi - uning belgilarini og‘irlashtiradi va o‘lim xavfini oshiradi. Qandli diabet fonida insult shakllanishining asosiy patogenetik mexanizmi patologik o‘zgargan tomir devorining gemoreologiya, gemostaz va fibrinoliz jarayonlariga ta’siri bilan bog‘liq. O‘tkazilgan tadqiqot davomida 1- va 21-kunlarda qondagi glyukoza miqdori va nevrologik yetishmovchilikning og‘irligi o‘rtasida bog‘liqlik aniqlandi - glyukoza darajasi qanchalik yuqori bo‘lsa, nevrologik yetishmovchilik shunchalik yaqqol namoyon bo‘ladi. Shu sababli, insult bilan og‘rigan bemorlardan anamnez yig‘ishni yanada sinchkovlik bilan olib borish, glikemiyani o‘z vaqtida aniqlash va tegishli davolashni buyurish zarur.

A FRAMEWORK FOR THE MODERNIZATION OF REGIONAL MUSEUMS: DEVELOPING A TRANSFORMATIONAL CONCEPT FOR THE SAMARKAND REGIONAL STUDIES MUSEUM BASED ON INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICES

2026-02-14T12:49:07+03:00

Introduction

Regional museums play a critical role in preserving cultural memory, shaping local identity, and supporting socio-economic development. In the 21st century, however, museums are no longer static repositories of artifacts; they function as dynamic cultural platforms, educational institutions, and drivers of regional development. According to the International Council of Museums (ICOM), a contemporary museum is “a not-for-profit, permanent institution in the service of society… open to the public, accessible and inclusive” (ICOM, 2022). This expanded definition underscores the necessity of structural, technological, and conceptual modernization.

In Uzbekistan, regional museums face challenges including outdated exhibition formats, limited digital integration, insufficient visitor engagement strategies, and underdeveloped marketing models. The Samarkand Regional Studies Museum, located in a historically and culturally significant region along the Silk Road, possesses exceptional potential to become a model institution in Central Asia. Yet its transformation requires a systematic framework grounded in international museum studies, heritage management, digital innovation, and participatory governance.

Хизматларнинг моҳияти, иқтисодий мазмуни ва назарий-илмий асослари

2026-03-04T07:18:48+03:00

Мазкур мақолада хизматларнинг моҳияти, иқтисодий категория сифатидаги мазмуни ва назарий асослари таҳлил қилинган. Хизмат тушунчасига берилган турли илмий таърифлар қиёсий ўрганилиб, улар фаолият сифатида, натижа сифатида ҳамда фаолият ва натижанинг уйғунлиги сифатида тизимлаштирилди. Хизматларнинг ишлаб чиқариш, тақсимлаш, рағбатлантириш ва тартибга солиш функциялари очиб берилди. Жаҳон ва миллий иқтисодиётда хизматлар сектори улушининг ортиб бораётгани асосланиб, хизматлар иқтисодиётининг ривожланиши реал сектор самарадорлиги билан узвий боғлиқ эканлиги илмий жиҳатдан хулосаланди.